Create cmos.c

Add a thing so that we can print CMOS backed clock time to the screen rtc etc

kernel/cmos.c

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "cmos.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "print.h"
+
+#define CMOS_ADDR 0x70
+#define CMOS_DATA 0x71
+
+enum {
+    CMOS_SEC  = 0x00,
+    CMOS_MIN  = 0x02,
+    CMOS_HOUR = 0x04,
+    CMOS_DAY  = 0x07,
+    CMOS_MONTH= 0x08,
+    CMOS_YEAR = 0x09,
+    CMOS_STAT_A = 0x0A,
+    CMOS_STAT_B = 0x0B
+};
+
+// Check if CMOS is currently updating its values
+static int is_updating() {
+    outb(CMOS_ADDR, CMOS_STAT_A);
+    return (inb(CMOS_DATA) & 0x80);
+}
+
+static uint8_t get_register(int reg) {
+    outb(CMOS_ADDR, reg);
+    return inb(CMOS_DATA);
+}
+
+void cmos_read_time(cmos_time_t* time) {
+    // Wait for any current update to finish
+    while (is_updating());
+
+    uint8_t sec   = get_register(CMOS_SEC);
+    uint8_t min   = get_register(CMOS_MIN);
+    uint8_t hour  = get_register(CMOS_HOUR);
+    uint8_t day   = get_register(CMOS_DAY);
+    uint8_t month = get_register(CMOS_MONTH);
+    uint8_t year  = get_register(CMOS_YEAR);
+    uint8_t statb = get_register(CMOS_STAT_B);
+
+    // If Bit 2 of Status Register B is 0, then values are BCD
+    if (!(statb & 0x04)) {
+        time->second = (sec & 0x0F) + ((sec / 16) * 10);
+        time->minute = (min & 0x0F) + ((min / 16) * 10);
+        time->hour   = ((hour & 0x0F) + (((hour & 0x70) / 16) * 10)) | (hour & 0x80);
+        time->day    = (day & 0x0F) + ((day / 16) * 10);
+        time->month  = (month & 0x0F) + ((month / 16) * 10);
+        time->year   = (year & 0x0F) + ((year / 16) * 10);
+    } else {
+        time->second = sec;
+        time->minute = min;
+        time->hour   = hour;
+        time->day    = day;
+        time->month  = month;
+        time->year   = year;
+    }
+
+    // Adjust for Century (assuming we are in the 2000s for ClassicOS)
+    time->year += 2000; 
+}
+
+void cmos_print_time(cmos_time_t* time) {
+    // Using your print_string/itoa style logic
+    char buf[16];
+    
+    print_string("System Time: ");
+    
+    // Simple padding check for minutes
+    print_hex(time->hour, 0, 1);
+    print_string(":");
+    if (time->minute < 10) print_string("0");
+    print_hex(time->minute, 0, 1);
+    print_string(":");
+    if (time->second < 10) print_string("0");
+    print_hex(time->second, 0, 1);
+    
+    print_string("  ");
+    
+    print_hex(time->month, 0, 1);
+    print_string("/");
+    print_hex(time->day, 0, 1);
+    print_string("/");
+    print_hex(time->year, 0, 1);
+    print_string("\n");
+}

kernel/cmos.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef CMOS_H
+#define CMOS_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t second;
+    uint8_t minute;
+    uint8_t hour;
+    uint8_t day;
+    uint8_t month;
+    uint32_t year;
+} cmos_time_t;
+
+void cmos_read_time(cmos_time_t* time);
+void cmos_print_time(cmos_time_t* time);
+
+#endif

kernel/pci.c

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "pci.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+/* --- Configuration Access Functions --- */
+
+uint32_t pci_config_read_dword(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset) {
+    uint32_t address = (uint32_t)((uint32_t)1 << 31) | 
+                       ((uint32_t)bus << 16) | 
+                       ((uint32_t)slot << 11) | 
+                       ((uint32_t)func << 8) | 
+                       (offset & 0xFC);
+    outl(PCI_CONFIG_ADDRESS, address);
+    return inl(PCI_CONFIG_DATA);
+}
+
+void pci_config_write_dword(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset, uint32_t data) {
+    uint32_t address = (uint32_t)((uint32_t)1 << 31) | 
+                       ((uint32_t)bus << 16) | 
+                       ((uint32_t)slot << 11) | 
+                       ((uint32_t)func << 8) | 
+                       (offset & 0xFC);
+    outl(PCI_CONFIG_ADDRESS, address);
+    outl(PCI_CONFIG_DATA, data);
+}
+
+/* To read a word or byte, we read the Dword and shift/mask */
+uint16_t pci_config_read_word(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset) {
+    uint32_t dword = pci_config_read_dword(bus, slot, func, offset);
+    return (uint16_t)((dword >> ((offset & 2) * 8)) & 0xFFFF);
+}
+
+uint8_t pci_config_read_byte(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset) {
+    uint32_t dword = pci_config_read_dword(bus, slot, func, offset);
+    return (uint8_t)((dword >> ((offset & 3) * 8)) & 0xFF);
+}
+
+/* --- BAR Decoding Logic --- */
+
+pci_bar_t pci_get_bar(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t bar_index) {
+    pci_bar_t bar = {0};
+    uint8_t offset = PCI_REG_BAR0 + (bar_index * 4);
+    
+    uint32_t initial_val = pci_config_read_dword(bus, slot, func, offset);
+    
+    // The Size Masking Trick
+    pci_config_write_dword(bus, slot, func, offset, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    uint32_t mask = pci_config_read_dword(bus, slot, func, offset);
+    pci_config_write_dword(bus, slot, func, offset, initial_val); // Restore
+    
+    if (initial_val & 0x1) {
+        // I/O Space BAR
+        bar.is_io = true;
+        bar.base_address = initial_val & 0xFFFFFFFC;
+        bar.size = ~(mask & 0xFFFFFFFC) + 1;
+    } else {
+        // Memory Space BAR
+        bar.is_io = false;
+        bar.base_address = initial_val & 0xFFFFFFF0;
+        bar.is_prefetchable = (initial_val & 0x8) != 0;
+        bar.size = ~(mask & 0xFFFFFFF0) + 1;
+    }
+    
+    return bar;
+}
+
+/* --- Enumeration and Discovery --- */
+
+void pci_check_function(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func) {
+    uint16_t vendor_id = pci_config_read_word(bus, slot, func, PCI_REG_VENDOR_ID);
+    if (vendor_id == 0xFFFF) return; 
+
+    uint16_t device_id = pci_config_read_word(bus, slot, func, PCI_REG_DEVICE_ID);
+    uint8_t class_code = pci_config_read_byte(bus, slot, func, PCI_REG_CLASS);
+    
+    /* Optional: Set Master Latency Timer if it is 0. 
+       A value of 32 (0x20) or 64 (0x40) is typical. 
+    */
+    uint8_t latency = pci_config_read_byte(bus, slot, func, PCI_REG_LATENCY_TIMER);
+    if (latency == 0) {
+        // pci_config_write_byte would be needed here, or write a dword with the byte modified
+        uint32_t reg_0c = pci_config_read_dword(bus, slot, func, 0x0C);
+        reg_0c |= (0x20 << 8); // Set latency to 32
+        pci_config_write_dword(bus, slot, func, 0x0C, reg_0c);
+    }
+
+    // Replace with your kernel's print/logging function
+    // printf("Found PCI Device: %x:%x Class: %x at %d:%d:%d\n", vendor_id, device_id, class_code, bus, slot, func);
+}
+
+void pci_init(void) {
+    for (uint16_t bus = 0; bus < 256; bus++) {
+        for (uint8_t slot = 0; slot < 32; slot++) {
+            // Check Function 0 first
+            uint16_t vendor = pci_config_read_word(bus, slot, 0, PCI_REG_VENDOR_ID);
+            if (vendor == 0xFFFF) continue;
+
+            pci_check_function(bus, slot, 0);
+
+            // Check if this is a multi-function device
+            uint8_t header_type = pci_config_read_byte(bus, slot, 0, PCI_REG_HEADER_TYPE);
+            if (header_type & 0x80) {
+                // Check functions 1-7
+                for (uint8_t func = 1; func < 8; func++) {
+                    pci_check_function(bus, slot, func);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

kernel/pci.h

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#ifndef PCI_H
+#define PCI_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+/* I/O Ports for PCI Configuration Mechanism #1 */
+#define PCI_CONFIG_ADDRESS 0xCF8
+#define PCI_CONFIG_DATA    0xCFC
+
+/* Common PCI Configuration Register Offsets */
+#define PCI_REG_VENDOR_ID       0x00
+#define PCI_REG_DEVICE_ID       0x02
+#define PCI_REG_COMMAND         0x04
+#define PCI_REG_STATUS          0x06
+#define PCI_REG_REVISION_ID     0x08
+#define PCI_REG_PROG_IF         0x09
+#define PCI_REG_SUBCLASS        0x0A
+#define PCI_REG_CLASS           0x0B
+#define PCI_REG_CACHE_LINE_SIZE 0x0C
+#define PCI_REG_LATENCY_TIMER   0x0D
+#define PCI_REG_HEADER_TYPE     0x0E
+#define PCI_REG_BIST            0x0F
+#define PCI_REG_BAR0            0x10
+#define PCI_REG_BAR1            0x14
+#define PCI_REG_BAR2            0x18
+#define PCI_REG_BAR3            0x1C
+#define PCI_REG_BAR4            0x20
+#define PCI_REG_BAR5            0x24
+#define PCI_REG_INTERRUPT_LINE  0x3C
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t base_address;
+    uint32_t size;
+    bool     is_io;
+    bool     is_prefetchable; // Only for Memory BARs
+} pci_bar_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t  bus;
+    uint8_t  device;
+    uint8_t  function;
+    uint16_t vendor_id;
+    uint16_t device_id;
+    uint8_t  class_code;
+    uint8_t  subclass;
+    uint8_t  interrupt_line;
+} pci_dev_t;
+
+/* Function Prototypes */
+uint32_t pci_config_read_dword(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset);
+void     pci_config_write_dword(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset, uint32_t data);
+
+uint16_t pci_config_read_word(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset);
+uint8_t  pci_config_read_byte(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t offset);
+
+pci_bar_t pci_get_bar(uint8_t bus, uint8_t slot, uint8_t func, uint8_t bar_index);
+void      pci_init(void);
+
+#endif

kernel/ps2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include "ps2.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+/* --- Controller Synchronization --- */
+
+// Wait until the controller is ready to receive a byte
+static void ps2_wait_write() {
+    while (inb(PS2_STATUS_REG) & PS2_STATUS_INPUT);
+}
+
+// Wait until the controller has a byte for us to read
+static void ps2_wait_read() {
+    while (!(inb(PS2_STATUS_REG) & PS2_STATUS_OUTPUT));
+}
+
+/* --- Initialization --- */
+
+void ps2_write_device(uint8_t command) {
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_DATA_PORT, command);
+}
+
+void ps2_write_mouse(uint8_t data) {
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_COMMAND_REG, PS2_CMD_WRITE_MOUSE); // "Next byte goes to mouse"
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_DATA_PORT, data);
+}
+
+void ps2_init(void) {
+    // 1. Disable Devices
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_COMMAND_REG, PS2_CMD_DISABLE_KB);
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_COMMAND_REG, PS2_CMD_DISABLE_MS);
+
+    // 2. Flush Output Buffer
+    while (inb(PS2_STATUS_REG) & PS2_STATUS_OUTPUT) {
+        inb(PS2_DATA_PORT);
+    }
+
+    // 3. Set Controller Configuration Byte
+    // Bit 0: KB Interrupt, Bit 1: Mouse Interrupt, Bit 6: Translation
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_COMMAND_REG, PS2_CMD_READ_CONFIG);
+    ps2_wait_read();
+    uint8_t status = inb(PS2_DATA_PORT);
+    status |= (1 << 0) | (1 << 1); // Enable IRQ 1 and IRQ 12
+    
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_COMMAND_REG, PS2_CMD_WRITE_CONFIG);
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_DATA_PORT, status);
+
+    // 4. Enable Devices
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_COMMAND_REG, PS2_CMD_ENABLE_KB);
+    ps2_wait_write();
+    outb(PS2_COMMAND_REG, PS2_CMD_ENABLE_MS);
+
+    // 5. Initialize Mouse (The mouse won't send IRQs until you tell it to)
+    ps2_write_mouse(MOUSE_CMD_SET_DEFAULTS);
+    ps2_wait_read(); inb(PS2_DATA_PORT); // Read ACK (0xFA)
+    
+    ps2_write_mouse(MOUSE_CMD_ENABLE_SCAN);
+    ps2_wait_read(); inb(PS2_DATA_PORT); // Read ACK (0xFA)
+}
+
+/* --- IRQ Handlers --- */
+
+// Called from IRQ 1 (Keyboard)
+void ps2_keyboard_handler(void) {
+    uint8_t scancode = inb(PS2_DATA_PORT);
+    // Process scancode (e.g., put it into a circular buffer)
+}
+
+// Called from IRQ 12 (Mouse)
+static uint8_t mouse_cycle = 0;
+static uint8_t mouse_bytes[3];
+
+void ps2_mouse_handler(void) {
+    uint8_t status = inb(PS2_STATUS_REG);
+    
+    // Ensure this is actually mouse data
+    if (!(status & PS2_STATUS_MOUSE)) return;
+
+    mouse_bytes[mouse_cycle++] = inb(PS2_DATA_PORT);
+
+    if (mouse_cycle == 3) {
+        mouse_cycle = 0;
+        
+        // Byte 0: Flags (Buttons, Signs)
+        // Byte 1: X Delta
+        // Byte 2: Y Delta
+        
+        mouse_state_t state;
+        state.left_button   = (mouse_bytes[0] & 0x01);
+        state.right_button  = (mouse_bytes[0] & 0x02);
+        state.middle_button = (mouse_bytes[0] & 0x04);
+
+        // Handle negative deltas (signed 9-bit logic)
+        state.x_delta = (int8_t)mouse_bytes[1];
+        state.y_delta = (int8_t)mouse_bytes[2];
+
+        // Update your kernel's internal mouse position here
+    }
+}

kernel/ps2.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef PS2_H
+#define PS2_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+/* I/O Ports */
+#define PS2_DATA_PORT       0x60
+#define PS2_STATUS_REG      0x64
+#define PS2_COMMAND_REG     0x64
+
+/* Status Register Bits */
+#define PS2_STATUS_OUTPUT   0x01 // 1 = Data ready to be read
+#define PS2_STATUS_INPUT    0x02 // 1 = Controller busy, don't write yet
+#define PS2_STATUS_SYS      0x04 // System flag
+#define PS2_STATUS_CMD_DATA 0x08 // 0 = Data written to 0x60, 1 = Cmd to 0x64
+#define PS2_STATUS_MOUSE    0x20 // 1 = Mouse data, 0 = Keyboard data
+
+/* Controller Commands */
+#define PS2_CMD_READ_CONFIG  0x20
+#define PS2_CMD_WRITE_CONFIG 0x60
+#define PS2_CMD_DISABLE_MS   0xA7
+#define PS2_CMD_ENABLE_MS    0xA8
+#define PS2_CMD_DISABLE_KB   0xAD
+#define PS2_CMD_ENABLE_KB    0xAE
+#define PS2_CMD_WRITE_MOUSE  0xD4
+
+/* Mouse Commands */
+#define MOUSE_CMD_SET_DEFAULTS 0xF6
+#define MOUSE_CMD_ENABLE_SCAN  0xF4
+
+typedef struct {
+    int8_t  x_delta;
+    int8_t  y_delta;
+    bool    left_button;
+    bool    right_button;
+    bool    middle_button;
+} mouse_state_t;
+
+/* Public API */
+void ps2_init(void);
+void ps2_keyboard_handler(void);
+void ps2_mouse_handler(void);
+
+#endif

kernel/threading.c

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #include "print.h"
 #include "threading.h"
 
-#define MAX_THREADS 16           // Maximum number of threads
+#define MAX_THREADS 16          // Maximum number of threads
-#define THREAD_STACK_SIZE 8192   // Stack size for each thread
+#define THREAD_STACK_SIZE 8192  // Stack size for each thread
 
 // The thread table stores information about all threads
 static Thread thread_table[MAX_THREADS];
@@ -16,103 +16,106 @@ static uint32_t num_threads = 0;     // Number of active threads
 static volatile int mutex_locked = 0;
 
 // Function declaration for context_switch
-void context_switch(Thread *next);
+void context_switch(Thread* next);
 
 // Initialize the threading system
 void thread_init(void) {
-    memset(thread_table, 0, sizeof(thread_table));
+  memset(thread_table, 0, sizeof(thread_table));
-    num_threads = 0;
+  num_threads = 0;
 }
 
 // Create a new thread
-void thread_create(Thread *thread __attribute__((unused)), void (*start_routine)(void *), void *arg) {
+void thread_create(Thread* thread __attribute__((unused)),
-    if (num_threads >= MAX_THREADS) {
+                   void (*start_routine)(void*), void* arg) {
-        my_printf("Error: Maximum thread count reached.\n");
+  if (num_threads >= MAX_THREADS) {
-        return;
+    my_printf("Error: Maximum thread count reached.\n");
-    }
+    return;
+  }
 
-    // Find an empty slot for the new thread
+  // Find an empty slot for the new thread
-    int index = num_threads++;
+  int index = num_threads++;
-    thread_table[index] = (Thread){0};
+  thread_table[index] = (Thread){0};
-    
-    // Set up the new thread
-    thread_table[index].start_routine = start_routine;
-    thread_table[index].arg = arg;
-    thread_table[index].stack_size = THREAD_STACK_SIZE;
-    thread_table[index].stack = (uint32_t*)malloc(THREAD_STACK_SIZE);
-    thread_table[index].stack_top = thread_table[index].stack + THREAD_STACK_SIZE / sizeof(uint32_t);
 
-    // Initialize the stack (simulate pushing the function's return address)
+  // Set up the new thread
-    uint32_t *stack_top = thread_table[index].stack_top;
+  thread_table[index].start_routine = start_routine;
-    *(--stack_top) = (uint32_t)start_routine;  // Return address (the thread's entry point)
+  thread_table[index].arg = arg;
-    *(--stack_top) = (uint32_t)arg;            // Argument to pass to the thread
+  thread_table[index].stack_size = THREAD_STACK_SIZE;
+  thread_table[index].stack = (uint32_t*)malloc(THREAD_STACK_SIZE);
+  thread_table[index].stack_top =
+      thread_table[index].stack + THREAD_STACK_SIZE / sizeof(uint32_t);
 
-    // Set the thread's state to ready
+  // Initialize the stack (simulate pushing the function's return address)
-    thread_table[index].state = THREAD_READY;
+  uint32_t* stack_top = thread_table[index].stack_top;
+  *(--stack_top) =
+      (uint32_t)start_routine;     // Return address (the thread's entry point)
+  *(--stack_top) = (uint32_t)arg;  // Argument to pass to the thread
 
-    // If this is the first thread, switch to it
+  // Set the thread's state to ready
-    if (index == 0) {
+  thread_table[index].state = THREAD_READY;
-        scheduler();
+
-    }
+  // If this is the first thread, switch to it
+  if (index == 0) {
+    scheduler();
+  }
 }
 
 // Yield the CPU to another thread
 void thread_yield(void) {
-    // Find the next thread in a round-robin manner
+  // Find the next thread in a round-robin manner
-    uint32_t next_thread = (current_thread + 1) % num_threads;
+  uint32_t next_thread = (current_thread + 1) % num_threads;
-    while (next_thread != current_thread && thread_table[next_thread].state != THREAD_READY) {
+  while (next_thread != current_thread &&
-        next_thread = (next_thread + 1) % num_threads;
+         thread_table[next_thread].state != THREAD_READY) {
-    }
+    next_thread = (next_thread + 1) % num_threads;
+  }
 
-    if (next_thread != current_thread) {
+  if (next_thread != current_thread) {
-        current_thread = next_thread;
+    current_thread = next_thread;
-        scheduler();
+    scheduler();
-    }
+  }
 }
 
 // Exit the current thread
 void thread_exit(void) {
-    thread_table[current_thread].state = THREAD_BLOCKED;  // Mark the thread as blocked (finished)
+  thread_table[current_thread].state =
-    free(thread_table[current_thread].stack);             // Free the thread's stack
+      THREAD_BLOCKED;  // Mark the thread as blocked (finished)
-    num_threads--;                                       // Decrease thread count
+  free(thread_table[current_thread].stack);  // Free the thread's stack
+  num_threads--;                             // Decrease thread count
 
-    // Yield to the next thread
+  // Yield to the next thread
-    thread_yield();
+  thread_yield();
 }
 
 // Scheduler: This function selects the next thread to run
 void scheduler(void) {
-    // Find the next ready thread
+  // Find the next ready thread
-    uint32_t next_thread = (current_thread + 1) % num_threads;
+  uint32_t next_thread = (current_thread + 1) % num_threads;
-    while (thread_table[next_thread].state != THREAD_READY) {
+  while (thread_table[next_thread].state != THREAD_READY) {
-        next_thread = (next_thread + 1) % num_threads;
+    next_thread = (next_thread + 1) % num_threads;
-    }
+  }
 
-    if (next_thread != current_thread) {
+  if (next_thread != current_thread) {
-        current_thread = next_thread;
+    current_thread = next_thread;
-        context_switch(&thread_table[current_thread]);
+    context_switch(&thread_table[current_thread]);
-    }
+  }
 }
 
-// Context switch to the next thread (assembly would go here to save/load registers)
+// Context switch to the next thread (assembly would go here to save/load
-void context_switch(Thread *next) {
+// registers)
-    // For simplicity, context switching in this example would involve saving/restoring registers.
+void context_switch(Thread* next) {
-    // In a real system, you would need to save the CPU state (registers) and restore the next thread's state.
+  // For simplicity, context switching in this example would involve
-    my_printf("Switching to thread...\n");
+  // saving/restoring registers. In a real system, you would need to save the
-    next->start_routine(next->arg);  // Start running the next thread
+  // CPU state (registers) and restore the next thread's state.
+  my_printf("Switching to thread...\n");
+  next->start_routine(next->arg);  // Start running the next thread
 }
 
 // Simple mutex functions (spinlock)
-void mutex_init(void) {
+void mutex_init(void) { mutex_locked = 0; }
-    mutex_locked = 0;
-}
 
 void mutex_lock(void) {
-    while (__sync_lock_test_and_set(&mutex_locked, 1)) {
+  while (__sync_lock_test_and_set(&mutex_locked, 1)) {
-        // Busy wait (spinlock)
+    // Busy wait (spinlock)
-    }
+  }
 }
 
-void mutex_unlock(void) {
+void mutex_unlock(void) { __sync_lock_release(&mutex_locked); }
-    __sync_lock_release(&mutex_locked);
-}