More kernel building

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -93,15 +93,19 @@
 	"cmake.sourceDirectory": "${workspaceFolder}",
 	"C_Cpp.default.compilerPath": "/usr/bin",
 	"C_Cpp.loggingLevel": "Error",
-	"C_Cpp.default.enableConfigurationSquiggles": "",
-	"C_Cpp.default.includePath": "/usr/bin",
+	"C_Cpp.default.enableConfigurationSquiggles": true,
+	"C_Cpp.default.includePath": [
+		"${workspaceFolder}/**", // Include all files in the workspace folder
+		"/usr/include", // Standard system include path
+		"/usr/local/include", // Additional system include path
+		"/path/to/custom/includes" // Custom include path
+	],
 	"workbench.editorAssociations": {
-		"*.bin": "bin",
-		"*.c": "c",
-		"*.h": "c",
-		"*.cpp": "cpp",
-		"*.hpp": "hpp",
-		"*.asm": "asm"
+		"*.bin": "default",
+		"*.h": "default",
+		"*.c": "default",
+		"*.json": "default",
+		"*.asm": "default"
 	},
 	"C_Cpp.default.intelliSenseMode": "linux-clang-x86",
 	"cmake.cmakePath": "/usr/bin/cmake"

README.md

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ An x86 Operating System for 386, 486, Pentium class (P-75, 100, Pentium II, P3,
 
 These are the versions I use, but please use the latest possible versions.
 
+
 NASM version 2.14
 QEMU x86_64
 GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.31.1 or newer

src/kernel/arch/x86/gdt.c

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#include "gdt.h"
+
+// GDT table
+struct gdt_entry gdt[3];
+
+// GDT pointer
+struct gdt_ptr gp;
+
+// Initialize a GDT entry
+void gdt_set_gate(uint32_t num, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access,
+                  uint8_t gran)
+{
+    gdt[num].base_low    = (base & 0xFFFF);
+    gdt[num].base_middle = (base >> 16) & 0xFF;
+    gdt[num].base_high   = (base >> 24) & 0xFF;
+    gdt[num].limit_low   = (limit & 0xFFFF);
+    gdt[num].granularity = (limit >> 16) & 0x0F;
+    gdt[num].granularity |= gran & 0xF0;
+    gdt[num].access = access;
+}
+
+// Initialize the GDT
+void gdt_init()
+{
+    // Set up GDT pointer
+    gp.limit = (sizeof(struct gdt_entry) * 3) - 1;
+    gp.base  = (uint32_t)&gdt;
+
+    // Clear GDT
+    memset(&gdt, 0, sizeof(gdt));
+
+    // Set up code segment
+    gdt_set_gate(1, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF);
+
+    // Set up data segment
+    gdt_set_gate(2, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF);
+
+    // Load GDT
+    asm volatile("lgdt %0" : : "m"(gp));
+}
+
+// Exception handlers
+extern void divide_error();
+extern void page_fault();
+extern void general_protection_fault();
+extern void double_fault();
+
+// Interrupt handlers
+extern void system_call();
+extern void timer();
+extern void keyboard();
+extern void device();
+
+// ISR table
+void (*isr_table[256])(void);
+
+// Register an ISR
+void isr_register(uint8_t num, void (*handler)(void))
+{
+    isr_table[num] = handler;
+}
+
+// ISR handler
+void isr_handler(struct isr_regs *regs)
+{
+    void (*handler)(void);
+
+    handler = isr_table[regs->int_no];
+    if (handler)
+    {
+        handler();
+    }
+}
+
+// Initialize the ISR
+void isr_init()
+{
+    // Register exception handlers
+    isr_register(0, divide_error);
+    isr_register(14, page_fault);
+    isr_register(13, general_protection_fault);
+    isr_register(8, double_fault);
+
+    // Register interrupt handlers
+    isr_register(0x80, system_call);
+    isr_register(0x20, timer);
+    isr_register(0x21, keyboard);
+    isr_register(0x30, device);
+}

src/kernel/arch/x86/gdt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef GDT_H
+#define GDT_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// GDT entry structure
+struct gdt_entry
+{
+    uint16_t limit_low;   // Lower 16 bits of segment limit
+    uint16_t base_low;    // Lower 16 bits of segment base address
+    uint8_t  base_middle; // Middle 8 bits of segment base address
+    uint8_t  access;      // Access flags
+    uint8_t  granularity; // Granularity and segment limit flags
+    uint8_t  base_high;   // Upper 8 bits of segment base address
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+// GDT pointer structure
+struct gdt_ptr
+{
+    uint16_t limit; // Size of GDT in bytes - 1
+    uint32_t base;  // Address of GDT
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+// Initialize the GDT
+void gdt_init();
+
+#endif

src/kernel/arch/x86/idt.c

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "idt.h"
+
+// IDT table
+struct idt_entry idt[256];
+
+// IDT pointer
+struct idt_ptr idtp;
+
+// Exception handlers
+extern void divide_error_handler();
+extern void page_fault_handler();
+extern void general_protection_fault_handler();
+extern void double_fault_handler();
+
+// Interrupt handlers
+extern void system_call_handler();
+extern void timer_handler();
+extern void keyboard_handler();
+extern void device_handler();
+
+// Initialize an IDT entry
+void idt_set_gate(uint8_t num, uint32_t base, uint16_t sel, uint8_t flags)
+{
+    idt[num].base_lo = base & 0xFFFF;
+    idt[num].base_hi = (base >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
+    idt[num].sel     = sel;
+    idt[num].always0 = 0;
+    idt[num].flags   = flags;
+}
+
+// Initialize the IDT
+void idt_init()
+{
+    // Set up IDT pointer
+    idtp.limit = sizeof(idt) - 1;
+    idtp.base  = (uint32_t)&idt;
+
+    // Clear IDT
+    memset(&idt, 0, sizeof(idt));
+
+    // Set up exception handlers
+    idt_set_gate(0, (uint32_t)divide_error_handler, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    idt_set_gate(14, (uint32_t)page_fault_handler, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    idt_set_gate(13, (uint32_t)general_protection_fault_handler, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    idt_set_gate(8, (uint32_t)double_fault_handler, 0x08, 0x8E);
+
+    // Set up interrupt handlers
+    idt_set_gate(0x80, (uint32_t)system_call_handler, 0x08, 0xEE);
+    idt_set_gate(0x20, (uint32_t)timer_handler, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    idt_set_gate(0x21, (uint32_t)keyboard_handler, 0x08, 0x8E);
+    idt_set_gate(0x30, (uint32_t)device_handler, 0x08, 0x8E);
+
+    // Load IDT
+    asm volatile("lidt %0" : : "m"(idtp));
+}

src/kernel/arch/x86/idt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#ifndef IDT_H
+#define IDT_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// IDT entry structure
+struct idt_entry {
+    uint16_t base_lo;   // Lower 16 bits of handler function address
+    uint16_t sel;       // Kernel segment selector
+    uint8_t  always0;   // Always 0
+    uint8_t  flags;     // Flags
+    uint16_t base_hi;   // Upper 16 bits of handler function address
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+// IDT pointer structure
+struct idt_ptr {
+    uint16_t limit;     // Size of IDT in bytes - 1
+    uint32_t base;      // Address of IDT
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+// Exception handlers
+void divide_error();
+void page_fault();
+void general_protection_fault();
+void double_fault();
+
+// Interrupt handlers
+void system_call();
+void timer();
+void keyboard();
+void device();
+
+// Initialize the IDT
+void idt_init();
+
+#endif

src/kernel/arch/x86/include/memory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef MEMORY_H
+#define MEMORY_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+void *kmalloc(size_t size);
+void  kfree(void *ptr);
+
+#endif /* MEMORY_H */

src/kernel/arch/x86/include/types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifndef TYPES_H
+#define TYPES_H
+
+typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
+typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t base;
+    uint32_t limit;
+    uint16_t flags;
+} gdt_entry_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint16_t limit;
+    uint32_t base;
+} idt_entry_t;
+
+#endif /* TYPES_H */

src/kernel/arch/x86/isr.c

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "isr.h"
+
+// ISR table
+void (*isr_table[256])(struct isr_regs *regs);
+
+// Register an ISR
+void isr_register(uint8_t num, void (*handler)(struct isr_regs *regs))
+{
+    isr_table[num] = handler;
+}
+
+// ISR handler
+void isr_handler(struct isr_regs *regs)
+{
+    void (*handler)(struct isr_regs *regs);
+
+    handler = isr_table[regs->int_no];
+    if (handler)
+    {
+        handler(regs);
+    }
+}
+
+// Exception handlers
+void divide_error()
+{
+    // Handle divide error exception
+}
+
+void page_fault()
+{
+    // Handle page fault exception
+}
+
+void general_protection_fault()
+{
+    // Handle general protection fault exception
+}
+
+void double_fault()
+{
+    // Handle double fault exception
+}
+
+// Interrupt handlers
+void system_call()
+{
+    // Handle system call interrupt
+}
+
+void timer()
+{
+    // Handle timer interrupt
+}
+
+void keyboard()
+{
+    // Handle keyboard interrupt
+}
+
+void device()
+{
+    // Handle device interrupt
+}

src/kernel/arch/x86/isr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#ifndef ISR_H
+#define ISR_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// Structure for storing register values during an ISR
+struct isr_regs
+{
+    uint32_t ds;  // Data segment selector
+    uint32_t edi, esi, ebp, esp, ebx, edx, ecx,
+        eax;      // Pushed by pusha instruction
+    uint32_t int_no,
+        err_code; // Interrupt number and error code (if applicable)
+    uint32_t eip, cs, eflags, useresp,
+        ss;       // Pushed by the processor automatically
+};
+
+// Register an ISR
+void isr_register(uint8_t num, void (*handler)(struct isr_regs *regs));
+
+// ISR handler
+void isr_handler(struct isr_regs *regs);
+
+// Exception handlers
+void divide_error();
+void page_fault();
+void general_protection_fault();
+void double_fault();
+
+// Interrupt handlers
+void system_call();
+void timer();
+void keyboard();
+void device();
+
+#endif

src/kernel/arch/x86/memory/memory.c

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "../include/memory.h"
+
+void *kmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+    /* TODO: Implement memory allocation */
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void kfree(void *ptr)
+{
+    /* TODO: Implement memory deallocation */
+}

src/kernel/src/types.c

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "../include/types.h"
+
+void gdt_set_entry(gdt_entry_t *entry, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit,
+                   uint16_t flags)
+{
+    entry->base  = base;
+    entry->limit = limit;
+    entry->flags = flags;
+}
+
+void idt_set_entry(idt_entry_t *entry, uint32_t base, uint16_t selector,
+                   uint16_t flags)
+{
+    entry->base     = base;
+    entry->selector = selector;
+    entry->flags    = flags;
+}